This section of the guide will help you to remain in control of your learning journey, assist you in developing effective strategies for approaching academic tasks, and encourage you to value feedback from others. Understanding the concept of self-efficacy is particularly important, as it plays a pivotal role in your academic success. Self-efficacy refers to your belief in your ability to perform specific tasks or achieve specific goals (Bandura, 1997). This belief significantly influences your motivation, effort, and persistence in the face of challenges. Research has shown that students with high self-efficacy are more likely to approach tasks with confidence, set higher goals, and demonstrate resilience when confronted with difficulties.
As you progress through your university years, you may encounter various academic challenges, such as complex assignments, tight deadlines, and rigorous examinations. During these times, it is normal to experience doubts. However, it is essential to recognise that you have already demonstrated significant competence by securing your place at university. Trusting in your capabilities is crucial; it empowers you to confront challenges head-on rather than retreating in fear of failure.
Self-efficacy is a process that you can develop over time, and it is linked to positive educational outcomes and a deeper understanding of subjects (mastery) (Bandura. 1977). As a student with high self-efficacy, you are likely to feel more in control and determined in your learning journey. Self-efficacy is also associated with resilience (Cassidy, 2015), so by developing your self-efficacy, you will enhance your resilience as well. Students who possess strong self-efficacy tend to practice and tackle academically challenging tasks, seek to overcome difficulties, and experience less anxiety. In contrast, students with low self-efficacy may be more reluctant to engage with their learning. This reluctance can have significant consequences, including self-doubt, increased stress, and lower academic achievement.
Social cognitive theory suggests that four main points promote self-efficacy in students: enactive mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and positive psychological and physiological states (Dinther, Dochy and Segers, 2011). The top tips in this guide suggest building your self-efficacy by involving several strategies. First, set achievable goals for yourself, which will allow you to experience success and build confidence. Reflect on past accomplishments, no matter how small, to reinforce your belief in your abilities. Additionally, seek constructive feedback from peers and instructors, as this can provide valuable insights into your strengths and areas for improvement. Observing others who have successfully navigated similar challenges can further enhance your self-efficacy. This phenomenon, known as vicarious experience, can inspire you to adopt similar strategies and approaches. Finally, maintaining a positive internal dialogue and challenging negative self-talk will help you foster a more resilient mindset.
Understanding and enhancing your self-efficacy is vital for your academic journey. By adopting a strong belief in your abilities, you will not only improve your performance but also cultivate resilience, enabling you to navigate the complexities of university life with confidence.
There are a few suggestions below that you can try, which may help you to boost your self-efficacy, academic success, and make your learning journey more enjoyable.
Motivate yourself by setting achievable short-term and long-term goals. Celebrate milestones and stay focused. It is a risk and reward cycle that you can initiate to see the benefit of facing challenges and to feel the satisfaction of accomplishment.
It is important to listen to feedback from others. Verbal persuasion is powerful in assisting self-efficacy as it provides encouragement and confidence which moves the learning process forward.
Lecturers are experts in their fields. Learn from their knowledge and emulate their passion for learning. Also, use the resources available to you as a student to support your learning.
Stress management is important. Acknowledge and address stress, anxiety or worries to avoid hindering your learning process. The composure section of this guide can support you with well-being.
It is important to remain positive. Believe in your ability to achieve your goals, overcome challenges, and adapt to new situations.
By incorporating these effective suggestions, you can build confidence, overcome challenges and improve your self-efficacy and resilience.
References
Bandura, A. (1997) Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman
Bandura, A. (1977). ‘Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change’, Psychological Review, 84(2), pp. 191-215.
Cassidy, S. (2015) ‘Resilience building in students: The role of academic self-efficacy’, Frontiers in Psychology, 6, article number 1781. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01781
Dinther, M. V., Dochy, F. and Segers, M. (2011) ‘Factors affecting students’ self-efficacy in higher education’, Educational Research Review, 6(1), pp. 95-108.
