What is it?
A research proposal is a brief document that outlines the rationale and plan for your research project. In some subjects you might be asked to submit a research proposal before your dissertation.
Why do I need to do it?
There are multiple reasons for writing a research proposal, one being that you might need to 'sell' your research project, another is for planning. Any project needs a plan. The proposal will show that you have planned the your project based on research and thought carefully about the timing.
How do I do it?
There are different structures expected of a research proposal, but a typical structure may include:
The books below are useful background reading for this topic.